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Washington’s latest tariff offensive represents far more than another skirmish in the decades-old trade debate. The White House has activated a baseline 10 % “reciprocal tariff” on nearly every import line, while reserving the right to impose country-specific surcharges—up to 145 % on China. The stated objective: reshore critical manufacturing, shrink a US$ 1.2 trn trade gap, and regain “negotiating leverage” against partners that shield their own markets.
The move jolts global production networks. Container traffic is already re-routing through Mexico and Southeast Asia; commodity exporters fear price shocks; and allies scramble for exemptions. The sections that follow unpack why the U.S. is acting, who is most exposed, and how businesses can respond.
U.S. Tariffs 2025 Tracker
Track the latest U.S. tariff implementations and their global impact with our interactive map.
Explore it now
The dashboard flags partners whose U.S. import share and reciprocal duty intersect most painfully. Figures below are February 2025 import shares and the new U.S. tariff lined up against them.
| Economy | Import Share | New U.S. Tariff | 2024 U.S. Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
 Mexico
|
14.4 % | 25 %* | -179 US$ bn |
 Canada
|
12.1 % | 25 %* | -36 US$ bn |
 China
|
11.0 % | 145 % | -263 US$ bn |
 Germany
|
4.4 % | 44 % | -89 US$ bn |
 India
|
2.9 % | 26 % | -46 US$ bn |
* Mexico & Canada: duty applies only to goods that do not meet USMCA rules-of-origin.
China faces the sharpest headline rate, but North-American neighbours actually ship far more into the U.S. market—making supply-chain paperwork (USMCA compliance) the decisive buffer.
United States
Days after returning to office, Trump ordered a 10% tariff on all Chinese imports, adding to existing tariffs from both his previous administration and the Biden era, effective February 5.
United States
10% tariffs on Chinese imports take effect.
China
China announces retaliatory 15% tariffs on U.S. coal and liquefied natural gas, a 10% tariff on certain agricultural machinery, and large engines, an anti-monopoly investigation into Google.
Global
Trump announces the reinstatement of increased tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum, marking a return to a policy first introduced during his previous term. The exemptions granted under the 2018-2020 period are canceled, resulting in a minimum 25% tariff on all imported steel and an increase in aluminum tariffs from 10% to 25%.
China
China imposes 15% tariffs on coal and liquefied natural gas products, and 10% tariffs on crude oil, agricultural machinery, and large engine imports from the U.S.
United States
Trump doubles tariffs on all Chinese imports to 20%.
Our map also tracks the running tit-for-tat between U.S.–Canada / Mexico, U.S.–European Union, and U.S.–Middle-East. Those three corridors—together with China—cover more than 40% of America’s trade flows, the very concentration the administration calls “systemically unfair.”
To see each side’s tariff moves, retaliations, and policy U-turns in real time, explore the dedicated timelines inside the full dashboard here:
Countries where exports exceed 40 % of GDP—such as Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Netherlands—face broad slow-downs as orders skirt new U.S. tariff walls.
EVs, battery cells and solar-PV modules pull inputs from three continents; one high-duty component can ripple through the entire cost stack.
Buyers of steel, copper and other raw inputs now pay steeper landed costs—squeezing budgets in construction, manufacturing and heavy transport.
Import-reliant SMEs—unable to hedge—already see margins shrink 6-12 % as tariff costs outpace their ability to re-price products.
The U.S. implemented a baseline 10% reciprocal tariff on nearly all imports, with country-specific surcharges—up to 145% for China—based on average foreign tariff levels.
The goals include reshoring critical industries, reducing a $1.2 trillion trade deficit, and leveraging fairer trade negotiations with partners who maintain higher import barriers.
China, Mexico, and Germany face the steepest impacts. While China’s tariff rate hits 145%, North American trade partners must comply with strict rules-of-origin to avoid penalties.
Tariffs have triggered a 45% drop in China–U.S. container bookings, a 31% rise in rerouting through Mexico, and volatility in sectors like semiconductors, autos, and base metals.
Yes. Exemptions include semiconductors, critical minerals not mined in the U.S., humanitarian aid, and goods with ≥20% U.S. content. Steel and autos retain older national-security duties.
Projected revenues total $1.2 trillion over a decade. Funds are earmarked for the CHIPS Act and clean energy tax credits, offsetting domestic manufacturing investments.
Firms are shifting final assembly to tariff-exempt countries, redesigning product sourcing to meet U.S.-origin thresholds, and using duty-drawback mechanisms to reclaim costs.
Analysts expect the 10% baseline tariff to persist beyond the current administration. Supercharged rates like the 145% duty on China may fluctuate with diplomatic developments.
Indicators include Chinese restrictions on rare-earth exports, changes to U.S. e-commerce de minimis thresholds, new Section 301 investigations, and moves by the EU on carbon taxes.
The IMF downgraded its global GDP forecast to 2.8% due to tariff-driven income loss. Commodity markets remain volatile, and global trade alliances are shifting to bypass U.S. friction.
the 10% reciprocal tariff introduced by the U.S. appears poised to remain in place beyond the current administration, signaling a structural shift in trade policy. Elevated tariff rates, such as the 145% surcharge on Chinese imports, are being used as flexible diplomatic tools, activated or suspended in line with geopolitical developments. While certain exemptions offer short-term relief for businesses that move quickly, especially in sectors like semiconductors and critical minerals, the broader landscape has fundamentally changed. Companies must now treat tariffs not as temporary disruptions but as permanent variables in their supply chain, pricing, and economic planning models. In essence, the age of low average tariffs is ending, and trade strategy has become a core executive concern, requiring real-time data, contingency mapping, and rapid operational agility.
